Preventive Measures For Smartphones. - 1512 Words

Preventive Measures for Smartphones Today, approximately 15 million Americans has fallen victim to Identity Theft. It’s apparent the numbers continue to rise due to the advancement of technology as we enter what is known as the â€Å"Digital Ages†. With the number of devices on the market, who do we blame when people are not aware of risks involved? What tips or tools are established to educate the number of users and network providers of the potential dangers? Even though creators of smartphones do not need to provide these tips for consumers, smartphone manufacturers and distributors should be legally obligated to provide educational security tips and tools for consumers because it protects privacy, ensures consumers are fully secure, and†¦show more content†¦The Consumer Report (2013) stated â€Å"Many users don’t secure their phones. Almost 40% in our survey didn’t take even minimal security measures, such as using screen lock, backing up dat a, or installing an app to locate missing phones or remotely erase data from it† (p. 18). The risks threatening the public every day is an exact reflection of the lack of knowledge or concern from consumers. For this reason, creators and distributors must establish learning tools to assist with security preventive measures and make the attempt to provide information or have it easily accessible. An example of how they can create this tool is to imitate on the â€Å"Tip App† which is offered on the Apple iOS8 system. The Tip App provides 55 useful tips and tools to assist with utilizing and navigating through the Apple iPhones. Considering how useful this application is, creating a Security Tip app, similar to the Tip app, will assist with educating consumers. It could potentially minimize the risks of Identity Theft, the possibility of privacy invasion, and also educate consumers on how to properly secure the Bluetooth setting. Creators of smartphones have to be more co ncerned with the protection of their customers and provide all resources possible to ensure they are not a risk while utilizing these devices. Secondly, ensuring consumers are fully protected must be the number one

Symbols in Ethan Frome Free Essays

Sex, lies and deceit. These three things are what this novel is about. But it is so much more than that. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbols in Ethan Frome or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the book Ethan Frome, written by Edith Wharton, the author uses symbolism to represent many things such as death. Symbols such as Zeena’s red pickle dish, the cold season of winter, and the dead cucumber vine all represent important parts that make up this novel. Zeena’s red pickle dish is a dish Zeena treasures most. She received the pickle dish as a wedding present and only uses the dish on special occasions. Mattie uses the pickle dish the night her and Ethan are alone, while Zeena is out of town. The cat accidently breaks the dish during the dinner. â€Å"†¦And gathering up the bits of broken glass she went out of the room as if she carried a dead body† (Wharton 66). At this point, Zeena was really mad when she found out herself that the dish was broken and no one told her. This gave her another reason to hate Ethan and Mattie even more. The dish breaking symbolizes the marriage between Ethan and Zeena was now broken. Ethan Frome takes place in Starkfield, Massachusetts during the cold winter months. Winter controls over the tragedy in all its signs of snow, wind, cold and darkness. Winter is the worst season for Ethan. In the beginning, Harmon Gow had said, â€Å"Guess he’s been in Starkfield too many winters. Most of the smart ones get away† (Wharton 2). Ethan studied science and technology after high school, but after his father died and his mother became sick, he was forced to come back to his hometown of Starkfield. Responsibility for his mother and poverty has prevented him from leaving. Sadly, Ethan’s mother died in the winter. After his mother’s death, Ethan married Zeena because he was so lonely all the time. Winter is symbolizes isolation and loneliness. Last but not least, the dead cucumber vine. â€Å"A dead cucumber vine dangled from the porch like the crape streamer tied to the door for a death, and the thought flashed through Ethan’s brain: â€Å"If it was there for Zeena-† (Wharton 26). Ethan wished Zeena was dead. If Zeena was not alive, Ethan could be with Mattie and they both would be happy together. They wouldn’t have to hide their love for each other. The dead cucumber vine symbolizes death and also symbolizes dying souls that live in the Frome’s house. In this case is Zeena, who is the slowly dying soul living in the house because of her illness. Zeena’s red pickle dish, winter, and the dead cucumber vine are all important symbols in this novel. Understanding these symbols make this novel more interesting now that one knows what some objects symbolizes. Such as Zeena’s pickle dish, the broken dish is a symbol for the shattering of Ethan and Zeena’s marriage. The winter represents loneliness. The dead cucumber represents death. These three things best represent the story of Ethan Frome. How to cite Symbols in Ethan Frome, Papers

Harmonisation of Accounting Reports- Rolls Royce

Question: Discuss about the Report for Harmonisation of Accounting Reports- Rolls Royce. Answer: Introduction Harmonisation within accounting parlance refers to the process of increasing the congruity of the accounting practices by putting a limit to the amount of variation. There has greater implication than standardisation even though harmonisation and standardisation is used reciprocally. According to Stenka and Ormrod (2007) harmonisation in accounting practices seeks to bring uniformity by reducing procedural differences. Rolls Royce is one of the most popular and acclaimed engine manufacturing companies all over the globe. The company was established in the year 1906 as a partnership between Charles Stewart Rolls and Sir Frederick Henry Royce. The company has established its operations in different parts of the world. The paper will analyse the process of harmonisation of accounting practices with due emphasis on Rolls Royce. The paper will also focus on International Financial Reporting Standards and their influence on accounting practices at Rolls Royce. IFRS was mooted for promoting compatibility and to promote a common set of accounting standard (Lehman, 2009). The process of harmonisation of accounting standard has become a highly debated issue since it provides unique benefits. The accounting policies used by the company will also be discussed and evaluated against the standards as devised by IFRS. Reasons for harmonisation The renewed trade and commerce that is taking place all over the globe has resulted in adopting an accounting standard that is compatible and understandable across international boundaries. Globalisation has meant that companies operate from diverse countries other than their country of origin which necessitates an accounting standard that is readily understandable to individuals from different academic backgrounds. As such harmonisation of accounting practices is useful not only for the entities but also for the regulators, governments and the investors (Askary, 2006). One of the prime advantages of harmonisation is that it will benefit the world economy through sound and educated investment decisions. Such educated economic decisions will eventually lead to economic growth all over the world. Information from financial statements can be interpreted more readily by financial experts thus reducing the risk of investment. Financial analysis incorporates comparability of financial stat ements or financial information of similar business within a particular industry. Harmonisation of accounting practices will help in making investment decision less dicey. There will be greater intelligence in investment decisions leading to educated investment decision all over the world (Bradshaw and Miller, 2008). One of the prime benefits that will be witnessed can be attributed to multinational companies who have to prepare their accounting information in multiple accounting standards. Empirical studies have proved that the cost involved in converting to US standard of accounting to a multinational company is more than $1 million. Adopting harmonised accounting standards will inevitably lead to cost reduction that can be subsequently passed on to the consumers (Hammermeister and Zimmermann, 2010). Benefits of harmonisation can also be seen on countries with fewer resources. These countries will not have to invest so as to develop their own accounting standards. Such countries are the ones whose economies are classifies as underdeveloped. Harmonisation of accounting will also do away with the hassles of regulating national accounting agencies. Other benefits also exist related to listing on stock exchanges. For the purpose of getting listed on a reputed stock exchange organisations must adhere to the financial reporting protocol of the exchange it wants to sell securities through. As such stock exchanges all over the globe are expected to profit from harmonisation of accounting reports (Ionas et al, 2007). More and more companies will start to adopt the standard in a bid to be eligible for listing in the eminent stock exchanges. With the number of listing on the stock exchanges on a high there will be increased securities transaction. (Thoma et al, 2010). Another distinct benefit arising out from the implementation of harmonising accounting standards is that there will be increased audit efficiency. Such internationalisation will mean that they can operate in different countries without any difficulty. As because the US is the biggest economy in the world present practices involve remodelling accounting standards to GAAP so as to augment trade and commerce with the US. Implementation of IAS/ IFRS along with GAAP will slowly pave way for a single accounting standard in the world. Finally there is a concerted effort from the regulatory bodies in favour of a single accounting standard that will augment trade and commerce (Perry and Nlke, 2006). Such a move also enhances the credibility of corporate entity all over the globe and help in the process of comparisons. As such, greater intensity of competition can be witnessed both within the domestic and international arena. One of the major issues that are behind the process of harmonisation is the emergence of multinational companies. Almost one third of world output is shared by the MNCs and therefore the national economy within the globe is influenced directly and indirectly by these MNCs (Krishansing, 2006). Of late the national boundaries have given way and there is an emergence of unions like European Union, BRICS, and Financial Treaties. Harmonisation within the spheres of political, regional and economic domain has called for a single code of practice within the discipline of accounting. It has to be understood that accounting is a tool for maintaining and disclosing financial transactions. A unified method of reporting will help the different entities and professionals to move towards a globally unified capital market (Devalle et al, 2010). Advantage of harmonisation is also evident since every country will have a single accounting standard that will provide symmetry and equal opportunity. Such symmetry and equity will help in the economic development of the different countries in the long run. Increased need for harmonisation is evident from two of the major issues: The desire of foreign capital by the MNCs; The aspiration of the MNCs to reduce cost of accounting and reporting (Jea njean and Stolowy, 2008). Mutual needs exist between the countries in the globe as there is an underlying flow of economic resources. In such vein it may b stated that every country should aspire for harmonisation not only in the political field but also in accounting sphere. Aspect of transparency will also get bolstered as a result of implementing harmonisation in the accounting process (Qu and Zhang, 2010). GAAP is considered to be based on rule whereas IFRS is seen as a standard that sticks to principle. Differences exist between these two standards and both these system has its own intricacy. The approach of IFRS is more dynamic as a result of which this has been adopted in many economies all over the globe. There will be greater consistency in the international markets which will lead to more efficient and more transparent capital markets as a result of harmonisation. Maintenance of a uniform accounting standard will also mean adhering to standard that is accurate, precise, timely and dependable (Cairns et al, 2011). Accountant will be able to evaluate the performances of the companies regardless of the international boundary. Investors will also benefit from harmonisation as it will enable them to evaluate financial statements and make sound investments. Calls for transparency have also become stronger in the wake of collapse of Enron. This was partly because Enrons unusual methods of accounting in numerous energy markets all over the globe (Koga and Rimmel, 2007). By resorting to spurious tactics the company was able to hide major liabilities. Implementation of spurious tactics by the company kept the investors in dark about the risks involved in investing in 3000 companies that were floated by the company. As a result, the scandal by the company was the largest bankruptcy case to be filed in the US history. After the aftermath of the ENRON crisis the efficacy of uniform accounting standard is being praised from different quarters and experts. Focus has also shifted to promoting standards that eschew ambiguity and scrupulous activities by entities (Morais and Fialho, 2008). Issues of harmonisation There are certain issues associated with the process of harmonisation. Issues related to time and costs are the main drawbacks associated with the process. Again control process from an internal perspective will also need to be incorporated since the existing process will become outdated. There will be costs associated with the transition process to a new accounting system (Woods et al, 2008). The training process for the accountants will also likely to be another bottleneck and many individuals may be unwilling to move towards a new accounting system. There is a greater need on investment on matters of accounting and training the numerous employees of an organisation which may not be feasible for small scale companies. It has also been estimated that such a move has the potential to inhibit the growth of numerous small scale industries across the length and breadth of the world. Therefore such a move can become counterproductive to a lesser extent. There are definite gaps between th e Anglo-Saxon accounting standards and different other continental standards (Jeanjean and Stolowy, 2008). As such gaps exist that hinders the promotion of universal accounting standards. Another notable barrier comes from national regulations and a dearth of supranational regulators. (Qu and Zhang, 2010). Other issues related to harmonisation include integration problems, sovereignty issues and licensing and enforcement. Traditionally, the move to harmonise the process has been opposed by the countries of Canada, UK, Japan and the US. Under the present system Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System is used for the purpose of depreciation which is likely to change when changes are made to IAS accounting standards. Within the US there are state laws apart from the rules that govern the accounting system related to banking and insurance activities. Sovereignty issues may crop up in case IAS accounting model is implemented (Bradshaw and Miller, 2008). Licensing and aspects will also be evident since CPAs and practitioners will have to comply with the new international standard. Moreover issues related to enforcement in case of a breach are also likely to be another sig nificant issue in case of any breach. Prosecutorial authority and its scope have to be made clear that will throw up challenges relating to jurisdictional and constitutional facets. It may be seen that adopting international accounting standard will directly contradict US statute law. As such the implementation of universal accounting codes does have its own share of lacunae that have to be addressed by the authorities (Perry and Nlke, 2006). Case study to illustrate the success or failure of harmonisation In light of the above discussion it can be made out that the advantages of harmonising accounting standards far outweigh the disadvantages. The UK has its own accounting system known as UK GAAP. The financial Reporting council in the UK has set out five standards that form the basis of financial reporting and accounting standard within the country (Stenka and Ormrod, 2007). Within UK IFRS has been an important part since 2005 when the EC regulation 1606/2002 came into effect. Financial Reporting Council (FRC) in the UK maintains that IAS regulations apply only to listed companies. Apart from that companies operating within UK have been allowed to use UK GAAP or IFRS. However for charitable companies both individual and group financial statements have to be prepared according to UK GAAP policies. Again the Alternative Investment Market (AIM) is not a regulated one and hence is not required to comply with IFRS standards (Devalle et al, 2010). Thus it may be seen that some amount of fle xibility has been rendered within the accounting system by implementing IFRS partially. The law makes it possible to use either IFRS or UK GAAP conventions as per the convenience. In context to Rolls Royce it may be said that the company is a public limited company that has maintained a consistent and fruitful practices over the years. The preparations for a transition to IFRS led standards began as early as 2005 within Rolls Royce. There was indeed some effect on adoption of IFRS at the company as may be seen from stock movements at the corresponding time (Qu and Zhang, 2010). Traditionally Rolls Royce has prepared its accounts in adherence to UK GAAP conventions. The then EU regulations made it necessary for the company to adhere to IFRS from the year 2005. As a result the different financial statements underwent certain changes. These changes were reported within the profit and loss account, balance sheet and earnings per share. Within the profit and loss statement for the year 2004 profit before accounting for underlying (non-trading) items increased from 345 million pounds to 364 million pounds. Profit before tax also increased from 306 million pounds to 364 million pounds signifying an increase of 58 million pounds (The Free library, 2005). The earnings per share increased from 12.07 pence to 15.56 indicating a growth of 29 percent. Underlying earnings per share increased from 14.5 pence to 15.56 pence indicating a growth of 7 percent. Within the balance sheet there was a reduction in the net assets by 861 million pounds. Net assets decreased from 230 7 million pounds to 1446 million. Net debt also increased from 149 million pounds from 80 million pounds signifying an increase of 69 million in net debt. However there were no reported changes in the trading performances o the entity after the implementation of IFRS (Cairns et al, 2011). In other words adopting of IFRS only changes the presentation of accounts at Rolls Royce without affecting business model or any strategy. No changes were also observed in the cash flows by the group and underlying profit was retained as the benchmark for measuring operating performance by the company. The market reacted positively as may be made out by increase in the share prices at Rolls Royce by 3.4 % to 256.75 p (The Free library, 2005). Enforcement of Accounting Standards for Rolls Royce, UK: Evolution of Accounting in UK has been in accordance with statutory laws and rules. The year of 2005 was water shed moment for UK as it moved from the erstwhile GAAP conventions to IFRS signifying a momentous transition in matters of accounting practices and standards. Alike all other companies Roll Royce has to abide by the existing provisions and statutes. Accounting disclosures in the UK are carried out as per the standards laid out by Accounting Standards Board (ASB) in conjunction with other regulatory frameworks and relevant standards. Since Rolls Royce has been based in UK pounds is used for expressing financial information. The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) exhorts companies to use five accounting standards in UK and these standards are FRS 100 to 104. FRS 105 deals with organisations that are classified as micro entities. IFRS frameworks influence the areas of Business Combinations, Conceptual Framework, Financial Instruments Accounting and other areas. The method of pre paring accounts by Roll Royce is in strict adherence to the standards as may be seen from the relevant discussions (Devalle et al, 2010). Segment Reporting: Segment reporting is carried out so as to convey information to different stakeholders of the company about the most significant operating divisions or segments of a company. At Rolls Royce operations have been categorised into five distinct divisions of Civil Aerospace, Defence Aerospace, Power systems, Marine and Nuclear. The underlying revenue mix for Roll Royce for the year 2015 was 52 % for Civil Aerospace, 15 % for Defence Aerospace, 18% for Power systems, 10% for Marines and 5 % for Nuclear. The Civil Aerospace had an underlying revenue of 6933 million with underlying profit of 812 million for the year ended 2015. The underlying revenue mix for this sector was 47 % OE revenue and 53 % services revenue. For defence Aerospace the underlying revenue was 2035 million along with underlying profit of 393 million for the year ended 2015. Power Systems segment of Rolls Royce accumulated underlying revenue of 2385 million and underlying profit of 194 million for the year of 2015. The m arine division of the company had underlying revenue of 1324 million with underlying profit of 15 million. Underlying revenue for nuclear business was 687 million for 2015 with 70 million underlying profit (Rolls-Royce, 2015). The process of creating harmonisation at Rolls Royce started from 2002 as revealed by pertinent secondary sources. At the same time it can also be observed that the company has encouraged the use of IFRS. By moving to IFRS standard the company has provided an example of good practices that can be emulated for overall benefit. The implementation of IFRS affected five key areas within Rolls Royce. These five areas are research and development costs, sales of original equipment, Financial risk and revenue-sharing partners, Treatment of hedging for foreign exchange and Pension and other post retirement benefits (The Free library, 2005). Timeline to adopt IFRS by the company was three years as may be seen from the annals. Certain changes as occurred in the wake of implementing IFRS have been illustrated in the section above. The Companies Act, 2006 is the main act that governs the business activities of the different entities in UK. As per the Act, consolidated and individual financial st atements have to be presented together. This is also applicable where consolidated and individual financial statements are arranged by different conventions (Koga and Rimmel, 2007). In Rolls Royce, it may be seen that the company has readily coordinated with the local and national authorities to smoothen the process of switching over to IFRS. After the transition from UK GAAP to IFRS the company has seen definite changes in the valuation of intangible assets, leases, contingent liabilities and income tax burden. With the valuable support from the auditors KPMG Audit plc, Rolls Royce has been successful in switching over to IFRS from UK GAAP (Stenka and Ormrod, 2007). Conclusion The process of harmonization has gathered momentum in the past decade owing to numerous benefits that it allows. The paper has illustrated the different advantages of harmonising with instances from the company of Rolls Royce. The emergence of the MNCs has meant that the harmonisation has numerous benefits prime among which are augmenting the global trade and commerce with increased transparency. Some of the issues related to the process of harmonisation has also been shown prime among which are time and monetary ones (Woods et al, 2008). Rolls Royce has been able to move over to IFRS seamlessly. The role of the UK Government also deserves special mentioning in implementing IFRS standards in the country. Skills and Learning Statement I have conducted the research on the given topic by the help of articles, journals, articles and credible internet sources. At the initial stage I concentrated on collecting credible data from different secondary sources. Thereafter I used my communication skills (both written an oral) so as to prepare the assignment. I have understood that harmonisation of accounting standards will make it easier to attract international investors. This is because of the reason that maintaining universal accounting standard facilitates in decision making and is beneficial from the perspectives of the regulatory authorities as well the different stakeholders. Entities will no longer to have to maintain different sets of accounting for different operating regions making the process of decision making smooth and in conjunction with the needs of the various stakeholders. I have also observed that diversity in accounting practices all over the globe has the potential to destroy the flow of capital global ly. Moreover there is pressure from the group of investors who have argued that financial information should be prepared in a manner that is smart as well comparable. Other direct benefits include high quality of financial reporting as a result of unified and standard accounting practices. There is pressure also from professionals of accounting discipline as harmonisation will pave way to internationalisation of the profession. I can also opine that the global economy will benefit directly as a result of the mergers of two standards: the GAAP and IFRS. The worldwide economy is becoming more and more prevalent in present society and as a result demand for a universal reporting system has increased. Focus of the authorities is on implementing the best practices in the field of accounting that will enhance trade and commerce. On the other hand there are certain issues related with the process of harmonisation. I have observed that the companies now operate from different countries that have their own accounting standards if not GAAP. Promoting universal accounting standards in these countries will essentially be an arduous task owing to the resources and time that is going to be consumed. For small scale companies the costs associated with training the different employees can have an adverse affect owing to the issues of time and cost. I have observed that national accounting standards are maintained poorly in some countries. In such a context it may be stated that these economies are less likely to switch over to standards as spelt out by IFRS. Another notable issue in case of implementation of IFRS is the one associated with the language barrier. There are myriad languages in existence across the globe along with different culture and practices which makes the implementation of a single accounting standard a cumbersome process. At the time of preparing this assignment I was not sure whether I will be able to gather all the needed information so as to complete the assignment. Another challenge was in the form of presenting the findings with the allocated timeframe. The role of my mentor and professor went a long way in completing this module successfully. References: Askary, S. (2006). Accounting professionalism-a cultural perspective of developing countries.Managerial Auditing Journal,21(1), 102-111. Bradshaw, M. T., Miller, G. S. (2008). Will harmonizing accounting standards really harmonize accounting? Evidence from non-US firms adopting US GAAP.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance,23(2), 233-264. Cairns, D., Massoudi, D., Taplin, R., Tarca, A. (2011). IFRS fair value measurement and accounting policy choice in the United Kingdom and Australia.The British Accounting Review,43(1), 1-21. Devalle, A., Onali, E., Magarini, R. (2010). Assessing the value relevance of accounting data after the introduction of IFRS in Europe.Journal of international financial management accounting,21(2), 85-119. Hammermeister, J. H., Zimmermann, J. (2010). Financial reporting demands in a globalised world: the harmonisation of accounting rules. Ionas cu, I., Ionas cu, M., Olimid, L., Artemisa Calu, D. (2007). An empirical evaluation of the costs of harmonizing Romanian accounting with international regulations (EU Directives and IAS/IFRS).Accounting in Europe,4(2), 169-206. Jeanjean, T., Stolowy, H. (2008). Do accounting standards matter? An exploratory analysis of earnings management before and after IFRS adoption.Journal of accounting and public policy,27(6), 480-494. Koga, C., Rimmel, G. (2007). 13 Accounting Harmonisation and Diffusion of International Accounting Standards: The Japanese Case.Globalisation of Accounting Standards, 218. Krishansing Boolaky, P. (2006). Measuring de jure harmonisation: A content analysis of the accounting standards of three countries: South Africa, Mauritius and Tanzanian and International Financial Reporting Standards.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,8(2), 110-146. Lehman, G. (2009). Globalisation and the internationalisation of accounting: New technologies, instrumentalism and harmonisation.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,20(4), 445-447. Morais, A. I., Fialho, A. (2008). Do harmonised accounting standards lead to harmonised accounting practices? An empirical study of IAS 39 measurement requirements in some European Union countries.Australian Accounting Review,18(3), 224-236. Perry, J., Nlke, A. (2006). The political economy of international accounting standards.Review of international political economy,13(4), 559-586. Qu, X., Zhang, G. (2010). Measuring the convergence of national accounting standards with international financial reporting standards: The application of fuzzy clustering analysis.The International Journal of Accounting,45(3), 334-355. Stenka, R., Ormrod, P. (2007). The Impact of IFRS Adoption in the UKIssues in group Accounting.Accounting in Europe, 1-27. The Free library (2005): Online accessed from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/ROLLS-ROYCE+GROUP+PLC+-+Rolls-Royce+Group+plc+Statement+re%3A+IFRS...-a0131447610 accessed on 22/7/2016 Thoma, G., Torrisi, S., Gambardella, A., Guellec, D., Hall, B. H., Harhoff, D. (2010).Harmonizing and combining large datasets-An application to firm-level patent and accounting data(No. w15851). National Bureau of Economic Research. Woods, M., Dowd, K., Humphrey, C. (2008). Market Risk Reporting by the World's Top Banks: Evidence on the Diversity of Reporting Practice and the Implications for Accounting Harmonisation.Available at SSRN 1308512.

What Its Like Being a Finance Student Essay Sample free essay sample

Bing a Finance pupil is like a journey you can go you don’t cognize where you could convey. it’s like a route that sometimes can be unsmooth or slippy nevertheless every challenge I took is a lesson learned for me. In my three old ages of being finance pupil is possibly a challenging yet demanding twelvemonth in my life by so I learned a batch of things that brought me to be a better life shortly in the concern universe. Every route has its ain bounds and it’s called finish line. now I am eventually in my last trip traveling to success that likely a toughest portion in my journey being a pupil. Possibly. clip passes really rapidly though there’s an case that really bears in my head every lesson I learned from this university. Sometimes I ask myself what I could lend in my subdivision being a out of use subdivision. We will write a custom essay sample on What Its Like Being a Finance Student? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We shared of friendly relationship and battles in four old ages in malice of this we still acquiring closer and stronger. However. when I reach this far I wonder why things are really meaningful when you exerted attempt for it. They say â€Å"if You Crave for something does a Strive† . As BBF 1-3. 2-3. 3-3. 4-3. I learned how interaction with person is meantso much. how others care for you even in the times of down.When we reach our last chapter here in 2nd floor west flying. we molded by doggedness and squad work to get the better of those undertaking assigned by our distinguish professor s particularly Mrs. Aranza.Our Outreach plan which held at Marikina Catholic School is something I could state a really productive undertaking for our subdivision.By now. the Department required a seminar for every 4th twelvemonth pupils. and our subdivision selected a subject which is FOREX 101 therefore it is a exciting yet a hard portion in our subdivision to carry on a seminar for every pupils peculiarly the readying we had made to do it more successful and a hallmark for every 3rd twelvemonth and 4th twelvemonth pupils. I believe that my journey will non stop by the lesson I learned in PUP but the experient I acquired in different people I talk to. Business universe we will run into shortly. â€Å"Commit to the Godhead whatever you do and your programs will Succeed†- Proverbs 16:3 PIRA CAMPUS TOUR 2012Speaker: Mr. Michael Rellosa. Mr. Dick Cabusao etc.Date: September 6. 2012 PIRA is the institutional leader of a strong. unified. influential and cohesive non-life insurance industry in the Philippines that ensures the industry’s long-run growing and sustainability.

Communication Climate Essays - Communication Theory, Free Essays

Communication Climate Essays - Communication Theory, Free Essays Communication Climate I have found that the communication climate at the company I have worked for the last seven years is a combination of bureaucratic, human and system theories. As the company sets the control by establishing rationale rules that regulate the entire organization, written documents like organizational charts, corporate manuals, operating instructions, job descriptions and so on, establish the law of the land virtually for all organizational activities. This makes bureaucratic theory the most visible structure of communication, since it goes downward, the instruction comes from management and most of the time the respond is by providing a report or chart that indicates the direction or result desire for the specific task. When most of the communication is vertical, there is horizontal communication activity in the organization, must of this taken place between groups that depends from one another and from employees which design and plan the different task in which the groups are currently working. All of this communication is needed since projects are accomplished by different groups, and meetings and working sessions are required to direct the ideas toward the same outcome desired. This horizontal communication is the closest we get to human relations theory. As for the system theory is also put in play because many of these groups are form in the base of resources, abilities, personalities and needs of the group members, in order to make more practical and efficient the results to accomplish the task in hand. I see myself as a member of the team looking for the best way to relate and communicate with my fellow coworkers, understanding that organizational communication differs from person to person. I am looking to learn, how to relate and absorb the messages that people in general send to me. I want and need to move forward, and I have understand that communication in all its different ways is the key to my development socially and professionally. The fact that English has been a second language to me for the last 15 years, it is very important to rich a label in which I feel confident in my working environment in which I perform in a daily basis.It has being difficult to accomplish a second grammar structure and a second pronunciation, very much different from my main language, this is the reason for this course, and also the fact of coming back to school has become a matter of self-motivation and closure.

10 Personification Examples in Poetry, Literature, and More

10 Personification Examples in Poetry, Literature, and More SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Personification is an important literary device- as a form of metaphor, personification compares two things quickly and efficiently, often in a poetic fashion. But what is it? In this guide, we’ll discuss what personification is, what it does, and why so many writers use it, as well as a whole bunch of examples to help you get accustomed to identifying personification when you see it. This isn't quite personification, but it is cute. What Is Personification? Personification is pretty simple, but before we can get into what it is, we need to discuss metaphors. Personification is a form of metaphor, a literary device comparing two things by applying the qualities of one thing to another. One famous example is the Walt Whitman line, â€Å"And your very flesh shall be a great poem.† Whitman isn’t suggesting that your flesh is literally a poem- that would be both impossible and uncomfortable- but rather that your entire self is a work of art. Within the context of the Leaves of Grass preface, where this quote comes from, the quote means that, through love and patience and living with meaning and purpose, your entire self will have meaning and purpose, just as a poem does. Though Whitman’s quote is a metaphor, it’s not personification. Personification is a more specific type of metaphor in which something that is not human is given human traits. Whitman’s quote compares flesh, something human, to a poem, something inhuman, meaning it’s not personification. Instead, personification will look something like this quote from John Keats’ â€Å"To Autumn†: â€Å"Conspiring with him how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run.† Here, the thing doing the conspiring is autumn, and ‘him’ is the maturing sun. Neither of these things can conspire- autumn is a season, and the sun is a star- but for the purpose of illustrating how perfect the season is, Keats suggests that they can. In this example, Keats gives both autumn and the sun the human ability to conspire. That doesn’t mean that Keats wants you to picture the sun and autumn literally whispering in one another’s ears; he’s suggesting harmony and a natural order of things. As the sun matures (another thing it isn’t technically doing, at least not in this poem) into the later stages of the year, the fruit on the vines begins to ripen just in time for the harvest. As the sun moves further from the earth and the weather grows colder, the season switches to autumn, as if the two were consciously working together. Hence, the idea of conspiring. As you can see, personification can add a dramatic and more evocative flair to writing. If Keats’ poem had simply read, â€Å"The sun gets further away from the earth as the season changes to autumn, just in time for the fruit to ripen,† itwouldn't feel particularly inspiring or interesting. But when he suggests that the sun and autumn are conspiring, we get a much more vivid, memorable picture of what the seasons are like. This isn't personification either. Examples of Personification Keats is just one writer using personification- there are lots of different ways to use this literary device to great effect. You don’t even need to be world-renowned Romantic poet to use it! Basic Examples of Personification Since personification is just giving something that isn’t human the characteristics of a human, it’s very simple to do! Check out these examples: The stars winked in the night sky. Stars, having no eyes, cannot wink. But when you see this phrase, you know that they’re twinkling. The bridge stretched over the interstate. A bridge can’t stretch, but from this phrase, we get the mental image of it being long and gracefully curved. The cave mouth yawned. A mouth can yawn, but a cave mouth cannot. Still, we get the mental image of the cave mouth stretched wide. The smell of baking muffins welcomed us inside. A smell can’t welcome, but we can still understand that the narrator of this sentence feels welcomed by the homey smell. Poetry Examples of Personification We often encounter figurative language like personification in poetry, where a few words have to carry a lot of meaning. Some of the most famous examples in poetry are: â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death –He kindly stopped for me – The Carriage held but just Ourselves – And Immortality.† - â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson In this poem, Death is personified as a person driving a carriage. Within the confines of this poem, Death may in fact be a person; but Dickinson isn’t writing about a literal event that happened to her. She’s using her relationship with Death figuratively, illustrating how Death goes about its business with little regard for humanity’s work and leisure. â€Å"BlackberriesBig as the ball of my thumb, and dumb as eyesEbon in the hedges, fatWith blue-red juices. These they squander on my fingers.I had not asked for such a blood sisterhood; they must love me.They accommodate themselves to my milkbottle, flattening their sides.†- â€Å"Blackberrying† by Sylvia Plath Plathmakes a direct comparison between blackberries and humans- she says blackberries, like eyes, are 'dumb,' in that they cannot speak. But we also know that they can’t squander, they can’t be a sisterhood, and they can’t love or accommodate themselves. Plath isn’t trying to tell us that these are magic blackberries with all those traits. She’s using personification to illustrate her relationship with these blackberries, demonstrating a unique bond with them. Even without the context of the whole poem, Plath’s use of personification shows us that these blackberries aren’t just fruit to her. Literary Examples of Personification Poets aren’t the only writers using personification- it’s also valuable for prose writers! Check out these famous examples from literature: â€Å"[The eyes of TJ Eckleburg] look out of no face, but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose. Evidently some wild wag of an oculist set them there to fatten his practice in the borough of Queens, and then sank down himself into eternal blindness or forgot them and moved away. But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground†¦." - The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald If these eyes were attached to a human being, they might brood as an extension of the human. But the eyes of TJ Eckleburg are painted on a billboard, not attached to a human face. It’s impossible for them to brood, as they don’t have emotions. However, this quote demonstrates the mood that the eyes cast over the valley; it’s dark and dreary, and the way that Fitzgerald characterizes these painted eyes reflects that. "There is something subversive about this garden of Serena’s, a sense of buried things bursting upwards, wordlessly, into the light, as if to point, to say: Whatever is silenced will clamour to be heard, though silently. [†¦] Light pours down upon it from the sun, true, but also heat rises, from the flowers themselves, you can feel it: like holding your hand an inch above an arm, a shoulder. It breathes, in the warmth, breathing itself in." - The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood This paragraph has a couple of instances of personification. Buried things don’t really burst upward- they grow, but to ‘burst’ is to move suddenly, which is something that these plants don’t do. Likewise, Atwood says that the heat breathes. Because heat doesn’t have lungs, it can’t breathe, but it’s clear that Atwood is giving everything in Serena’s garden a sense of life so that even the heat has vitality. Pop Culture Examples of Personification You don’t have to look to books you’ve read in school to find personification, either! Everything from TV shows to music to video games can contain personification, such as these examples: Inside Out Though everything that happens in the movie Inside Out can be read to be happening literally- it’s a fantasy movie!- it’s also a form of metaphor. We know that in real life our emotions aren’t little humanoid figures running around pulling levers, but giving emotions like joy and sadness human characteristics encourages viewers to appreciate their complexity. Sadness isn’t bad, and joy isn’t always good- when we give them human traits, we see that any emotion can mean multiple things! "You try to scream but terror takes the sound before you make itYou start to freeze as horror looks you right between the eyesYou're paralyzed'Cause this is thriller, thriller nightAnd no one's gonna save you from the beast about to strike."- "Thriller" by Michael Jackson There are a few examples of personification in this song- in just this verse, terror "takes the sound" and horror "looks you right between the eyes." Logically, we know that emotions can't take or look at anything. But using that kind of language to describe fear gives it an agency that infuses this song with energy. It's not difficult to understand why this works so well; if you've ever been afraid, you know how it can affect the way your body feels, sometimes paralyzing you. That's what Jackson is tapping into in this song: the sense that fear can trap you and make you feel like you're out of control. What’s Next? Personification is just one of many literary devices at your disposal. Check out this list of literary devices and how they're used for a whole bunch more! Want to know more about how the Valley of Ashes is constructed inThe Great Gatsby? Learn more from this post all about how the Valley of Ashes works as a symbol! Understanding how personification works can help you in AP literature- just like this reading list for AP lit students! What kind of man so likes being described by his mother as the personification of "the beast" that he adopts it as his own nickname? Learn more about the strange life and times of Aleister Crowley with this article.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Response - Essay Example .and peers are readily available" (Carter, 2012). If this type of system is instituted at an early age it will also help all children become more accepting of those with differences.   There are a variety of inventions that can be used to help children with autism develop social skills. I think that the researchers used playtime to implement the social intervention, because it allowed them to use both coaching/training techniques. Play time is an ideal time when children are able to communicate freely with one another in a carefree manner. The researchers picked this time maybe because they felt that the student with autism would feel less targeted by on lookers. The techniques of intervention procedures pre-teaching/modeling, prompting, and praise/reward can be used during lessons where teachers are practicing co-operative learning. Working at stations is also a great way to implement social skill intervention as they must work together sharing information at stations. Positive reinforcement would help students continue with their social interactions. Praise often helps students feel better and confident about the situation. Also peer assistants can help build the confidence of autistic children by providing assistance until they reach a point when they feel they can interact independently. The paper was excellent with clear and succinct points regarding the advantages of playtime sessions. One point that I really loved about the essay was where you recommend that positive reinforcement would help the students to gear up for social interactions in reality. This can also been confirmed by a research carried out which states that â€Å"positive reinforcement for desired target behaviors is highly effective in the education of children with autism† (Schmidt & Heybyrne 2004 p.2) However regarding the stations I do have questions as to how it would benefit the children with autism by sharing information on the stations ? 1. Why

A prevention drug of the global health company Coursework

A prevention drug of the global health company - Coursework Example Just like launching any other product in the market, it is imperative for this company to carry out market research so as to be able to establish the feasibility of this new offering. Strydom posits to the effect that market research helps the marketer to gain knowledge about the needs and interests of the targeted customers. New information and communication technology such as the internet as well as surveys can be used to carry out this exercise. This company ought to segment the market so as to identify the targeted people. The success of the new product depends on the information provided to the targeted consumers about the benefits of the new drug. Once the management has decided on its product concept and marketing strategy, it can then evaluate the attractiveness of the proposal and this can be done through carrying out a business analysis. This involves a review of the sales, cost as well as profit projections to establish if it is worth to start the business venture.

Human resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human resource Management Essay Introduction Human resource Management is the method of managing an organisation or a business and is related to employees and planes of a company or an institution. The aims or objectives of an HR are to meet the desires and benefits of the organisation, to make the business to grow and have value and to motivate the employees and to reward them when they perform very well. In the essay below its gone be illustrated all the job and responsibilities of an HR. LO1. The difference between Human Resource Management and Personnel Management 1.1 Human resource Management is a needed function on all the organisations because is the process of hiring and selection of people for the right job by training the candidates and increasing their skills and performance providing appropriate benefits ,inspiring, keeping the safety of the workers by obeying with labour laws . Personnel Management is dedicated to discipline the employees, is taking care of their salaries, training, motivating the employees to perform well, solving arguments between workers and communicating with the employees at all levels.(Business Dictionary 2014). The difference between Human Resource and Personnel Management is that the Personnel Management is that the Personnel Management is  concentrating more on the training of the employees; give them the wages, explaining them the rules of the company and the interests of the employers ,employees processes, job description, checking, writing contracts and explain the rules, while the Human Resource Management is dedicated to the values,objectives,aims,culture,plans,customers,teams,performance of the employees,motivation,rewards and increased the profit of the business.(IQPC 2011) KFC preparation and improvement of the employees is concentrating more on efficacious management and to build strong relationships with the customer. By serving the customer as fast as possible with a large smile on the face the clients have nothing to complain and will come often to visit the restaurant. This can be one of many important duties of a Human resources management or Personnel management the method that can satisfy the customer needs and to respect the people time. 1.2 1.3 The role, responsibilities and duties of the Human Resource Management and Line Managers The Human Resource practitioners they have a vital role in the organisation because they focusing on rules and coordination. The Human Resources Management need to have the capability and knowledge to think out of the box, to engage employees to improve and perform well, to recruit professional and well trained people for all the vacant positions and to have the right wages, with other words the Human Resource Manager must hire the right staff with the right abilities for the right job. His other responsibilities are to plan, improve the success of the company, orientation as well is one of his activities because must help the new staff to adjust to the new job and make sure that the workers know their working hours,wages,benefits and the rules and expectations of the organisation. Planning of the career also is part of the Human Resources Job because must know the potential that his employees have to grow and advance in their careers. Compensation is a task that the Human Resources Manager have to control because in this way knows how many of his employees they perform well and the employees that can do well certain jobs are paid better that other workers. Benefits also are a form of being paid well because of their good performance. The labour relations are a method to interact with the employees which are characterized by trade unions. Trade unions is the voice of a group of employees which are together when they have to take decisions about salaries, compensations, working hours or working conditions and other  methods or characteristics of working.Recoord keeping is the duty that involves recording ,conserving ,and repossessing employees similar information’s for difference motivations.(Human Resources Management Functions ) In 2010 KFC concentrated again on developing the business and making the employees feel valuable for the company putting exceptional efforts on developing that method and is accomplished by the business reward package. This programm was design to give bonuses to employees but the performance was the best way to show that they can truly can received by selling more items and by educated with all the customers. Anyway constructing employee’s capability and knowledge at KFC is a very important plan. (KFC Human resources management to meet emerging business needs 2005-2014) 1.4 Lawful and regulatory request The regulations and the legal regulations that must be respected by the Human Resource Management are: = to give equal opportunities to the employees to work no matter the culture, gender,ethnie,color of the skin, race or sex ,disabilities or age.(Civil Rights Act 1964) =prohibits discrimination (Civil Rights Act 1991) =forbids diverse wage for based on sex for identical work (Civil Rights Act 1963) =discrimination of pregnancy (Civil Act Rights 1978) =sexual harassments prohibited (Civil Rights Act 1980)  (HR Management Laws and Regulations2013) At KFC the staff is always needed being very busy as Mc Donald’s so the management need to hire enough people in each team or group to have a working time easy and without stress ,so the Human resource management have to know what kind of people to hire no matter their culture are ,or religion,ethnie,age or colour. No discrimination should appear in any of the company. Because employees are working in teams at KFC their conduct must by respectful with other colleagues and disputes between the staff must disappear immediately. Lo3.3.1 Motivational theory and how this impacts the reward system in the  organization. When people go to work they bring with them their personality and individual behaviours. No matter the person’s position in the workplace the personality and behaviour plays a very important role in how that person is completing his duties and interact with others .Theory of Maslow also have an impact on the people at work because explains how the employees desire to perform at work by having a higher position, the need of money, friends, love or sex, sleep, hunger, safety or esteem when they need only the respect of other, no matter that person is. In every company the employees they work only to satisfy a need from the scale of Maslow theory and they perform to achieve that goal no matter what it is. Motivation it refers to the reason that makes as act, perform or even behave. The motivation is guide as to achieve a goal, desire or a purpose. Without motivation we can’t start or finish enithing.On the other hand rewards it’s the thing that keeps you motivate continuously. The rewards can be money, higher position, compensation or even more hours to work or bigger salary. At KFC restaurant the culture, ethnie, colour, religion and age are togheter.The staff can by from Bangladesh, Italy, Pakistan, Poland, and Rumanian and so on. Anyway the characters working together and must have a good conduct and behaviour. When the religion and culture of a person is respected and take it seriously at the workplace that person is motivated and happy to improve his performance and improve company’s profit as well. Culture is the atmosphere which all of as we functioning all the time, so in fact the culture is something that we ca not see, is in fact the harmony or manifestations in the workplace. Every new staff bring in the company his own culture and attitude or religion. Culture also is recognised by symbols, stories, language, religion, outfits and daily rituals. (KFC Legal terms) 3.2 Job evaluation process and payment factors. Job evaluation process refers to the strategy of a company by estimating the number of the vacancies in the company and when looking for qualified and professional people for a position in the company. The characteristics of job evaluation and the methods that KFC is using to recruit people when a position is vacant: Description of the job and design Presentation Recruitment Selection Training Profession preparation Progression development KFC evaluation process in few steps and methods that the company is using when the candidates are chosen, management must explain to the new personnel what the policies and rules of the company are and below examples of the procedures after selection: 1. The employers must give clear details and working hours to the employee 2. Salary agree and about benefits 3. Tasks and duties of the employee 4. Written contracts as proof of agreement for job between employer and employees 5. Training is a must in all the company because help the staff to perform well and help the company to achieve their goals and purposes 6. Clear conditions of the company (Human resources organisational development and design 01 January 2014) Human resources flow chart and stages to take in order to recruit and select people and how payment of employees and volunteers are made. Identify staff and volunteers needed HR and ManagerAdvertising HR criteria and job description regular hire Permanent hirework hours explained and requirement of skills, knowledge and experience Receive CVClassificationinterviewsnr of candidates chosen and rejected, development of recruiting strategy Selection Benefits of the job explained by Management Hiring (Quality management at Kentucky Fried Chicken) 3.3 Varieties of reward systems Reward systems are the rules, procedures benefits classified by money, extra working hours for those who want or need more hours to make extra, and a higher position in the company and so on. All the employees who are performing well in the company by selling more or making more customers are rewarded by management in the way they need. The reward system is designed to motivate employees to work better and make the organisation improve. How planning a compensation programm: The solutions to implement a compensation program are the following steps: †¢Discovering the organisation or team goals that this program will support to improve the company s profit. †¢Identification of the preferred workers routine or comportments that will strengthen the business’s aims and the image of the organisation will be a respectful one in the customer’s eyes. †¢Nomination of crucial proportions of the presentation or conduct, founded on the individual or collections earlier realisations Specification of suitable recompenses †¢Announcement of program to workers Then the types of reward system can by: additional benefit, variable pay, stock choices, compensations, more working hours or increase salary, or an advanced position. (Organisational behaviour Ninth Edition by G.I.Moorhead) At KFC the employees are encouraged and motivated to perform well and increased the company’s profits because are rewarded in terms of promotions, bonuses, higher position, more working hours, higher wages or free lunchtimes or meals. And also when the staffs have more than 5 points that person can receive benefits in money, this called â€Å"My growth body†. (KFC presentation 2013) 3.4 Organisation monitors performance. This is a few steps of monitoring employee’s performance: Amount means the number of items or goods sold can be the best indicator of performance Timeliness refers to how fast the staff can sell something Non-attendance or unpunctuality no one can perform well as is latte at work. .employees must be on time at the workplace or if is absent Individual presence staff must dree adequately at work Ask feedback from customers can control behaviour of the employees. Controlling the employees is a simple duty but with all these controlling and measuring the employee’s performance and motivation as well is heavy look from directors, owners and those who control the company. The staffs are the very important tools of all the company s because they are communicating with the customers directly or face to face. Conclusion The Human resources management is a roll that all the companies must have it because is the person which the best know how to control, recruit and select and pay the staff. The training is also his duty because must know and recruit the professional and knowledge people for the right position. All the recruitment, selection, procedures of the organisations are calculated and monitored by Human resource management. REFERENCE LIST Webs Business Dictionary 2014, last acceded on 31/08/2014 http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/personnel-management.html IQPC 2011, last acceded on 31/08/2014 http://www.iqpc.com/redcontent.aspx?id=65816 Human Resource Management Functions, last acceded on 31/08/2014 http://www.whatishumanresource.com/Human-Resource-Management-functions HR Management Laws and Regulations2013, last acceded on 31/08/2014 http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/principles-of-management/staffing-and-human-resource-management/hr-management-laws-and-regulations Human resources organisational development and design 01 January 2014 last access on 05/09/14 http://hr.uct.ac.za/usr/hr/job_evaluation_guide.pdf Quality management at Kentucky Fried Chicken http://www.sba.pdx.edu/faculty/melliep/339/QualityMgmtKFC.pdf KFC Human resource management to meet emerging business needs 2005-2014 last access on 05/09/2014 http://www.afrbiz.com.au/case-studies/kfc-human-resources-to-meet-emerging-business-needs.html KFC Legal terms last access on 05/09/2014

Standards of Living Essay -- Economics Essays

Standards of Living In "Stone Age Economics" Marshall Sahlins contrasts the economic strategy of industrial societies to hunter-gatherer societies. In doing so he dispels former ideas that hunter-gatherer societies are poor, unhappy and hungry. He explains this by asserting a number of relevant points. First, in an industrial society, a person’s wants are extremely high, while his/her means are limited. Industrial products are created to close this gap between wants and means. In a hunter-gatherer society (the Zen road to affluence as Sahlins describes it), a person’s wants are low, while the technical means to satisfy these wants are adequate. In this case the standard of living is low compared to industrial societies but the people are satisfied when it comes to material objects. In their eyes they have plenty (Sahlins, 1972:2). Prior to the 1970's many believed that hunter-gatherer societies were poor and unhappy. Westerners believed that these groups lived inadequately with scarce resources. However, Sahlins states that it is modern capitalist societies that are dealing with scarcity as they have placed such an emphasis on material goods. Consumption in this case has lead to inadequacy and eventually deprivation in industrial societies (Sahlins, 1972:4). In Sahlins’ example " every purchase of something is a foregoing of something else" (Sahlins, 1972:4). However, in a hunter-gatherer society, there is no such thing as material wealth, and therefore no deprivation, or unhappiness. "Hunters are in business for their health. . . bow and arrow are adequate to that end" (Sahlins, 1972:5). In hunter-gatherer societies, material wealth has become a burden as it suppresses their highly mobile lifestyle. In this... ... and alcohol. All of these factors have altered their mobile, reciprocal way of life and has brought on many conflicts as well as a stationery life. The results of these changes emphasize how the Ju (and other hunter-gatherer groups) have maintained a successful lifestyle by mobility and foraging. Their standard of living has dropped with the onset of western ideas and technologies. Many of them remember the old way of life, but how will they return to that? I feel that it is important to learn from the Ju and other hunter-gatherer groups. Not everyone can live as we, in the technological, highly industrial, capitalistic society, can. My question is, as different parts of the world are influenced by capitalism can governments support hunter-gatherers in a capitalistic society and will there ever be a return to this way of life by people like the Ju/’hoansi?

Diversity and Multiculturalism Essay

Minority is a word describing a group representing a population smaller than the State. They are people of distinct culture, religion, language and ethnicity from the norms of the Society. Any group resembling the stated characteristics is a Minority. This description clearly emphasizes the rebuttal of Human Rights to people who are not living within the standards of the society. Group Rights or Minority Rights, in a popular manner, speaks of the Ethnic discrimination to some and a due right to others. Moreover, a conflict begins when an individual claims of his/her minority group and yet, the State does not recognize a Minority. The group rights tend to protect a certain group and reflects the other laws excluded on their existence, which for many individuals is a direct discrimination. Primarily, rights are powers to act in accordance with the existing system having values and principles approved by the society. It is a claim or title, whether legal, descriptive and moral (Sutton, 2001). The controversy exists regarding group rights on the term called Multiculturalism. This kind of group right often pertains to a member of an ethnic or religious group. Scholars perceive this kind of group right as a barrier to the actions that most ethnic groups have before there was â€Å"civilization. † It is a form of oppression because the majority opposes those traditional beliefs and pursues the so-called â€Å"equality† to such people. Group rights exist to discriminate, oppose and eliminate the traditional acts for the satisfaction of the majority. MULTICULTURALISM Multiculturalism is the opinion that all cultures, from tribesmen and modern civilization, to be equal. However, equality does not address the century old problem because of diverse conditions. Thus, multiculturalism confers with egalitarianism. The objective of multiculturalism is to obliterate the value of free, industrialized civilization, by declaring such civilization no better than the primitive tribalism. It wants to incapacitate the mind’s ability to differentiate good from evil, to differentiate life promoting to what life is negating. Some oppose this principle because they reason out that everyone has a right to moral judgment. The ideas and culture of a specific community should have recognition and respect. ISSUES ON MULTICULTURALISM Many question how the individuals would respect such minority rights if the problem remains on cultural differences. The argument of the multiculturalists’ defenders is that all cultures are equal and some factors coming from this culture are superior to the universal values. Some fruits of Enlightenment and egalitarian movements root from the cultural proponents. Colorful ethnic attire and interesting cuisine may seem interesting and attractive. Nevertheless, with the reality of women and children’s oppression worldwide, multiculturalism is increasingly a policy to maintain that oppression (Kamguian, 2005). The crimes against women become the celebration of traditional cultures and religions with the ignorance on it disadvantages. Governments of Western foundation utilized the policy of multiculturalism in the past, which encourage and uphold the demands for group rights coming from native populations, ethnic minorities or religious groups. However, these cultures have societal cultures that employ members of meaningful ways of life across the full range of human activities, including social, educational, religious, and recreational life. Because these societal cultures play an essential role in the lives of members and because these cultures face extinction, they should have special rights for protection. This accord with group rights but that is not the case with the societal norms like slavery, female genital mutilation, forced marriages, honor killing and other horrors respected by the society. These horrible practices are within the multicultural principle but it the proper action is to eradicate it. The argument begins with multiculturalism, which acts as a substitute policy to ensure a tolerant and democratized compliance in a world that conflicts between cultures eradicate such values. Moreover, the argument leads to racism and tyranny, as the dominant group want to create a universal norm. Another argument consists of the human basic need for cultural attachments. This need then should have protection from validating and protecting different cultures. The supporters of multiculturalism contrast that individual rights is sufficient enough for protection of minority cultures or their way of life that has a consequence of having special group rights and privileges such as arbitrations from Sharia in Canada and allowances fro polygamous men in France. In other cases, group rights claim to have political exclusions, govern their principles and exempt them from the general law. Often, cultures are patriarchal and many cultures claim group rights are more patriarchal than the surrounding cultures. Examples are the common gender inequalities like child marriages, forced marriages, divorce systems biased against women, polygamy and clitoridoctomy. These cases violate women and children’s individual rights of the society. This respect for cultural traditions resulted to lack of support and voices for women and children and the marginalization of progressive forces. When one observes the culture of these minority groups, they would see how oppression and repression reside within their own communities. Not all cultures are equal even though humans’ possess culture, some may be better that the other cultures and others may possess values unacceptable to the society. Indeed the very idea of equality is the product of the Enlightenment and the political and intellectual revolutions that it unleashed (Kamguian, 2005). Forcing equality means to challenge accepted practices and believing in possibility of transformation. However, permitting the differences by the dominant culture is the acceptance of the society as a whole. The â€Å"diversity† movement is not imparting knowledge to students, but promoting racism. – Michael S. Berliner Racism is a notion directing one race as superior to another race. The affirmative action viewed by some is a form of ethnic diversity, a form of politically correct disguise. The belief of racism is that one’s convictions, values and character is particularly based on anatomy or â€Å"blood† and not by judgment. This view tends to see people of different pigmentation as different from the superior pigmentation. The spread of racism causes destruction of the individual in one’s mind. This individual then clings to another race, wanting to have that belongingness because of race diversity. Proponents of diversity seem to be the true racists because they see the world through the color of lens, hair and skin. To multiculturalists, values, thinking and human identity all cling to race. Multiculturalism establishes the oppression in equality. Proponents of diversity teach the youth that people having different cultures also have different capacities resulting to recognition of separatism and glorifying a specific race. This revolutionizes â€Å"racial identity† that aims to erect an unbridgeable perception on race differences. Hence, any cooperation between races is impossible because of their differences being emphasized. ETHNICITY AND GROUP RIGHTS The Ethnic Group has group rights that defend their members who want to exercise their right to behave and enables them to act diversely from the majority. The ethnic group supports their group rights and their representatives, subsequently. It is unnecessary and undesirable to put these rights in a metaphysical entity, which bear their independent human characteristics. In addition, the right in question resorts to be a negative claim. The majority should not forbid such groups to defend their rights. In fact, for the reason that they have the utmost power in defense, they should assist the minority to respect and bear the minority rights in a positive way. However, this can apply to a situation where the ethnic group does a grave misconduct not prevented by the existing rules and regulations. Another is that the ethnic group should observe the group rights, voluntarily and autonomously. People cannot defend a right not chosen by them. Sutton defines that in order to enact such rights they must show the capacity to understand to successful claimants (Sutton, 2001, p 21). The ethnic group rights should correspond with the human rights, as it would give them the right to protect such liberties whenever the majority, which also has human rights, opposes their ethnic habits. Nonetheless, the civil liberty of individuals and ethnic group rights come from the principle of prima facie rights, which explains the liberty experienced by the ethnic group due to these rights has limitations whenever the ethnic habits impose grave suffering or serious restrictions of liberty on other human beings. In general, the obligation of the majority has a duty not to restrict freedom when they wish to observe harmless habits and if the majority’s opposition puts a grave suffering to the ethnic group, then, they have to restrict such opposition (Hayry, 2007). Ethnic minorities do not have a group right to force or coerce their members into observing duties, which are not required by the principles of liberty and the avoidance of suffering (Hayry, 2007). Individuals have three duties, the duty not to inflict harm to another individual, the duty not to restrict unreasonably the freedom of others and the duty not to breach voluntary, harmless contracts. The first duty means for the individuals to act accordingly to the rule of the group without coercing such right. The argument then is the term ethnic group coerces their right because they did not choose the term themselves but a group will not defend a right not made by them. Hence, the general implication is to coerce such freedom, which they themselves have not freely assumed. The second duty restricts any enforcement of freedom, which proves to be unnecessary to the ethnic group. The majority would see that being a member of a minority group would enforce the second duty that is false in belief that will alter the norms. Conversely, everyone has the duty to restrict or condemn habits that will impose suffering and unwarranted restrictions of freedom. In general, the second argument gives the majority the right to restrict ethnic habits given that it will impose harm to the society but it should exceed the principles of equality and fairness. Most of the majority will regard the thesis of defense concerning ethnic habits, which they find different from the norms, false. This is natural, as the dominant groups want a homogenous society supplying the best foundation for human flourishing, even if it costs the principle of liberty and avoidance of suffering. Nonetheless, the significant patterns that endow social conformity should have actions in eliminating cultural diversity (Hayry, 2007). INDIVIDUALISM VERSUS MULTICULTURALISM The principle on individualism is the individual as the primary unit of reality and the ultimate preference of value. Contrary to what other opinions say, individualism does not deny the existence of a society rather the society as a group of individuals not above those individuals. Individualism sees every person as the end of himself and there should be no sacrifice of an individual for another (Stata, 1992). The achievement of an individual credits for himself/herself and not based on the achievements of others. Even though the society believes of individualism as isolation, it does not deny the cooperation but is a theory of the conditions living and working with other people as beneficial. In general, individualism gives credit to an individual and not on the individual’s membership with a society. The probable cure for racial differences is individualism or seeing the person not because of his/her race but because of his/her abilities. The diversity movement aims to teach the following: diversity awareness, diversity training, diversity hiring and submissions and diversity accommodations, which all refer to racial preference. The proper dose on racial issues is to appreciate individually and treatment of collective merits (Locke, 2000). CONCLUSION Protection of human rights in various fields becomes depressing in the past century. Many have resulted to war, as they protect their community from discrimination and sustenance of group rights. Before group rights, many institutions protected the safety of minorities. Three major periods existed in favor of minority group rights. The first period appeared in a non-systematic protection comprising mainly of incorporation of protective clauses, particularly in favor of religious minorities. The second period existed after World War I within the framework of the League of Nations. Lastly are the developments following World War II (Lerner, 2003) on group rights. With all these developments in minorities and group rights, still the existing truth on racial discrimination is emerging. Many say of diversity as an act of racism, that employing group rights does not prove to be efficient in eradicating discrimination. Briefly, group rights is not a power rather a suppression, racial diversity and oppression hiding in equality. References Berliner, M. Diversity and Multiculturalism. 24 May 2000 14 November 2007 Sutton, P. Kinds of Rights in Country: Recognising Customary Rights as Incidents of Native Title. 2001. 14 November 2007 p. 29 National Native Title Tribunal. Hayry, H. Ethnicity and Group Rights, Individual Liberties and Immoral Obligations. 14 November 2007 Minority. 14 November 2007 Kamguian, A. Universal Rights versus Individual Rights. 6 July 2005 14 November 2007 Culture and Multiculturalism. 14 November 2007 Locke, E. Individualism – The Only Cure for Racism. 12 December 1997 14 November 2007 Lerner, N. Group Rights and Discrimination in International Law. Boston: Martinus Nihjoff Publishers, 2003.

FHR detection common method for antenatal determination of fetal well being

IntroductionCardiotocography Fetal bosom rate ( FHR ) sensing is one of the most common important methods for prenatal finding of foetal well being helping in the designation of possible jeopardies to the foetus such as foetal hypoxia and hurt ( Philip 2002 ) . More than 60 per centum of foetal deceases occur before the oncoming of bringing ( RCOG 2001 ) , hence it would be natural to widen the rules of intrapartum foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) monitoring to the prenatal period. An of import figure of prenatal deceases happens in adult females who have hazard factors for uteroplacental inadequacy ( UPI ) ( Garite TJ et al1978 ) . An ideal trial for measuring the antepartum foetus would allow intercession before foetal decease or asphyxia harm. Before the handiness of such trials, the lone method to avoid this job was to excessively early deliver such foetuss based on empirical hazard informations, as in the method proposed by Priscilla White for pull offing diabetics ( Pecile A et Al 1969 ) . Acute intrapartum exigencies and hapless foetal oxygenation normally contribute to stillbirth and neonatal deceases, every bit good as to long-run neurologic disablements, including mental damage and intellectual paralysis ( Lawn JE 2009 ; Lawn J 2005 ; Lawn JE 2009 ; Stanton C 2006 ; Hill K 2007 ) . Much of modern obstetric attention in high and many middle-income states have been directed at cut downing both antepartum and intrapartum foetal O want. These attempts have included the designation of adult females at hazard, such as those adult females with pre-eclampsia, reaping hook cell disease and diabetes, and those with compromised foetuss at hazard in the absence of maternal complications, such as those with growing limitation or oligohydramnios. Designation of these conditions in the prenatal period is normally followed by assorted types of antenatal showing to observe those foetuss at even higher hazard for hapless oxygenation. The usage of ultrasound for supervising amnionic fluid degrees and foetal advancement electronic foetal bosom rate monitoring, foetal motion numeration, and Doppler blood flow measurings have all contributed to better designation of at hazard gestations ( Koblinsky M 2006 ; Lawn JE 2005 ; Ronsmans C 2including foetal bosom rate monitoring to place those foetuss in danger. rapid instrumental birth or cesarian bringing consequences in significant mortality decreases during labour and in the early neonatal period ( Hart JT 1971 ) . Therefore, by and big, high income states have successfully reduced intrapartum foetal organ harm and the associated inauspicious gestation results, including intrapartum spontaneous abortion and intrapartum related neonatal mortality ( Hill K 2007 ) . In the 3rd universe states, particularly those have been missing in a well-functioning health care system, intrapartum foetal organ harm due to hapless oxygenation remains a really considerable job ( Hill K 2007 ; Velaphi S 2007 ; Lee AC 2009 ; WHO 2005 ; Darmstadt GL 2009 ) . In these countries, because of chronic nutritionary want, increased exposure to environmental pollutants, and the presence of many ill or untreated medical environments, the hazard of foetal harm during labor is mostly increased compared with that seen in high-income states. As inveterate malnourished adult females tend to hold little pelvic girdles, they are at increased hazard of enduring long and obstructed labor, which besides well increases the hazard of the foetus or newborn enduring an intrapartum hurt. Lack of entree to allow obstetric attention, particularly during labors, compounds the hazard of unfavorable foetal results such as decease or disablement. Antepartum foetal monitoring based on the conventional cardiotocography ( CTG ) is a non-invasive and simple instrument to prove foetal status. Its debut in the clinical modus operandi reduced the incidence of foetal jobs taking to a restriction of the precocious kid mortality. Even so, really hapless indicants on foetal pathology position can be understood from the automatic CTG analysis methods, which are, in fact, have been used. The sense is that foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) signals and uterine contractions convoy much more information on fetal province than is normally extracted by conventional analysis methods. In peculiar, FHR signal contains indicants about the nervous development of the foetus. FHR form acknowledgment, including the relationship between the uterine contractions and foetal bosom rate slowings, are simple to the usage of uninterrupted CTGA A monitoring. Algorithms have been developed to measure and records. What is normal, what requires more careful attending and what is considered unnatural necessitating immediate bringing of the babe ( RCOG 2001a ) . However, CTG hints are frequently interpreted in a varied manner by differentA degrees of experience ofA the health professionals ( inter-observer fluctuation ) and even by the same health professional construing the same record at different times ( intra-observer fluctuation ) ( Devane 2005a ) . Such fluctuation in reading of CTG tracings may ensue inA A false comfort or deficiency of appropriate intercession. Although we were unable to turn up surveies who sought to look into inter and intra perceiver fluctuation in intermittent auscultation, it would look realistic to propose that this techniqueA is non immu ne to alike jobs caused by inter- and intra-observer fluctuation ( AlfirevicA A 2007 ) . A CTG, composed of FHR and uterine contractions ( UC ) recordings, is an indispensable tool for foetal observation and has been used in a scope of diagnostic trials, such as the non-stress trial ( NST ) which is based on the analysis of the FHR signal ( Fontenla-Romero et al. 2001 ) . Its debut in mundane clinical pattern limited the happening of a foetal job therefore taking to extinguish and cut downing of the precocious kid mortality ( Signorini et al. 2003 ) . Each twelvemonth at least 500.000 adult females around the universe base on balls off due to pregnancy-related causes. Merely in the Third World states, 99 % of these deceases occur, Where troubles get downing from gestation and illegal abortions are the first slayers of adult females in 20s and 30s ages.A A The World Health Organization ( WHO ) functionaries warning that maternal deceases those following straight or indirectly from gestation within 40 two yearss from the labor day of the month, caused abortion, or failureA A may really be twice the estimated facts. What is to boot for all adult females who pass off, many more suffer serious, over and over long-run wellness jobs, that bearing life leads decease to so many adult females is a painful incongruousness. It isA farther moreA straitening given that household planning and preventative medical specialty may cut down these loses ( UNICEF 2009 ) . Because more than two tierces of foetal deceases take topographic point before the start of labor ( HEW/NIH 1979 ; Fontenla-Romero et Al. 2001 ) . It would be natural to widen the rules of intrapartum foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) monitoring to the prenatal period in an attempt to avoid these foetal deceases. A significant figure of prenatal deceases occurs in adult females who have hazard factors for uteroplacental inadequacy ( UPI ) ( Garite TJ et Al 1978 ) . Figure 1.1 shows Causes of deceases among kids under age five ( WHO 2010, UNICEF 2010, ) . An ideal trial for measuring the antepartum foetus would allow intercession before foetal decease or asphyctic harm. As in the method proposed by Priscilla White for pull offing diabetics ( White P 1965 ) . The job with such an attack is double: The bulk of such prematurely delivered foetuss were non in jeopardy, and the morbidity and mortality from premature intercession frequently go over those of the original hazard factor. It would be pr eferred to handle the disease procedure and let the foetus to travel to term ; nevertheless, we have made few progresss in handling UPI. Figure 1.1 Major causes of decease in neonates and kids ( WHO2010 ) Continuous monitoring of the foetal bosom rate during labor became a common pattern during the 1970s and has remained an recognized technique for measuring foetal good being in labour unit moderately late. Attitudes towards foetal monitoring have changed as more research findings are published and reviewed foregrounding both the good and damaging effects of uninterrupted electronic foetal bosom rate monitoring ( EFM ) ( RCOG 2001a ; Quintiles et Al 1995 ; Neilson & A ; Grant 1993 ) . The foetal bosom rate ( FHR ) is being used to bespeak the wellbeing of the foetus for over 160 old ages. Merely during the last 25 old ages of the last century the development in scientific discipline and engineering have made the uninterrupted monitoring possible ( Rooth et al. 1987 ) . The bosom rate ( HR ) provides information ‘s about the synergic activity of the independent nervous system ( ANS ) which controls the bosom round kineticss ( Kamath & A ; Fallen 1993 ) . FHR reflects the interactions between the sympathetic ( SNS ) and parasympathetic nervous system ( PSNS ) . In the normal foetus, the stimulation of SNS consequences in an addition of HR while the stimulation of PSNS consequences in a lessening of HR ( Parer 1997 ; Georgoulas et Al. 2006a ) . In add-on, several conditions such as foetal hypoxia, academe and drug initiation produce rather apparent FHR fluctuations both in the clip and frequence sphere which provide reliable indicants on the foetal position ( S mith et al. 1988 ; Lindecrantz et Al. 1993 ) .PROBLEM STATEMENT AND MOTIVATIONChild birth is considered a natural procedure sometimes it can be more complicated than usual. Harmonizing to WHO study ( WHO 2005 ; WHO 2007 ) , maternal mortality and still births are among the most lurid gestation results. Over 600,000 maternal deceases and 4 million spontaneous abortions occur every twelvemonth worldwide ( McCLure et al. 2007 ) . There is a big difference in both maternal mortality and spontaneous abortion between the developed and developing states. Largest Numberss of babes die in South-East-Asian part: 1.4 million still births each twelvemonth ( WHO 2005 ) . This was the chief motive behind this work. Better wellness attention installations like regular foetal monitoring, particularly for high hazard gestations can convey down the maternal and child morbidity and mortality rate. Figure 1.2 shows the decease rate all over the universe. Figure 1.2 Mortality rate all over the universe Although CTG represents the most widely used non-invasive tool in clinical pattern for foetal monitoring since 1970, it fails to place all the exigencies of foetal pathologies ( Signorini et al. 2003 ) . Since 1970 many research workers have employed different methods to assist the physicians to construe the CTG hint form from the field of signal processing and computing machine scheduling. They have supported physicians and readings in order to make a satisfactory degree of dependability to move as a determination support system in OBs. Up to now, none of them has been adopted worldwide for mundane pattern ( van Geijnt 1996 ) . There is presently no consensus on the best methodological analysis for baseline appraisal in computing machine analysis of the cardiotocograph. The algorithm proposed in this paper will assist and back up the physicians and readings to do a good reading for all gestation instances before bringing and its application can be used in all infirmaries as first co mputerized sensing package for CTG form parametric quantity analyser. There are still several jobs related to its effectivity and consistence ( MacDonald et al. 1985 ) particularly, during ocular reading ( Georgoulas et al. 2006a ) . Clinical CTG reading is soon based on ocular analysis ( Guijarro-Berdinas et al. 2002a ) , and this classical method is subjective as emotional, single experience and different degrees of expertness ( Jezewski et al. 2007 ) will hold a catalytic consequence on the concluding determination a hold in the sensing of an anomalousness and in subsequent clinical intercession could magnify the complications during intrapartum, postpartum and even in the early months of life. Despite the possibility that the presence of many international guidelines from the international federation of Obstetricss and gynaecology ( FIGO ) ( Rooth et al. 1987 ) , National institute of kid Health ( NICE ) ( National Institute of Child Health, Human Development Research Planning Workshop 1997 ) and the royal college of accoucheurs and genecology ( RCOG ) for electronic foetal monitoring there exists a high grade of inter-observer and intra-observer variableness ( Ayres-de-campo et al. 1999 ; Bernardes et Al. 19 97 ; Georgoulas et Al. 2007 ) . While incompatibilities in CTG reading and addition in false positive diagnosing created incredulity, the progresss in signal processing and pattern acknowledgment methods smoothed the manner for machine-controlled techniques to supply early warnings about the foetal conditions. Any mechanization procedure in CTG analysis will hold to cover with the job of characteristic extraction and categorizations to come out with a diagnosing. This job is the effect of an improper and imprecise set of definition on the parametric quantities involved and mechanisms employed in the literature for the intent ( Guijarro-Berdinas et al. 2002a ) . FHR is normally found normal even for pregnant adult females with high hazard of premature birth and abortion. FHR monitoring is one of the methods to prove foetal wellbeing, place for possible abnormalcies, and acknowledge the diseased status. FHR abnormalcies may, nevertheless, occur at any clip. The ability to execute long-run monitoring of the FHR would therefore supply more information on the foetal status ( Brown & A ; Patrick 1981 ; Mohd Ali et Al. 1995 ) .OBJECTIVES OF THESISThe chief aim of this research is to develop effectual algorithms for FHR characteristic extraction and systematic categorization utilizing both programming package ‘s and fuzzed logic. The major undertakings involved are listed below: Design and development of conventional FHR characteristic extractions methods based on RCOG guidelines. Design and development of conventional CTG categorization methods based on RCOG guidelines. Design and development of a signal sweetening method for both FHR and UC recordings of CTG signals. Followed by, determining the effectivity of the proposed signal sweetening method by comparing the consequences with those of bing methods and experts ( accoucheurs ) appraisal. Validating the conventional procedure by comparing the consequences with those of experts ocular reading utilizing an appropriate statistical method for comparing.Scope OF STUDYThis thesis presents a fresh method for CTG signal sweetening and characteristic extractions and categorization ; the method based on the cardinal forms defined by the RCOG guidelines ; conventional method which is wholly independent of the basic FHR characteristic such as baseline, variableness, accelerations, slowings and uterine contractions. An extended survey on the bing methods for CTG signal sweetening and analysis was done to happen out the aid of experient accoucheurs ocular analysis consequence, as it is considered as one of the gold criterions in this field.ORGANIZATION OF THE THESISIn order to depict basicss of the research activities involved in the survey, this thesis has been organized carefully. The organisation of the thesis is described as follows: A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter I demonstrates the background information on the capable affair and motive behind this research. It besides lists out the job statement, aims of the thesis, range of survey and organisation of the thesis. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter II presents an overview of the foetal bosom and its circulation and different techniques of foetal monitoring. Since uterine contractions influence the fluctuation in foetal bosom rate, physiology of uterine contraction and assorted ways of supervising uterine contraction are besides discussed. A elaborate survey on the cardiotocography, the devices used in electronic foetal monitoring, different signal sweetening techniques and assorted characteristics that can be extracted in a clip and frequence sphere and besides the morphological characteristics are presented. There are several guidelines depicting FHR forms and the manner of categorising them. These guidelines are besides presented in this chapter along with foetal hurt and the usage of CTG in naming it. This chapter describes the different methodological analysis employed by research workers in an effort to work out the CTG jobs. Advantages and restrictions of the CTG technique are discuss ed towards the terminal of the chapter. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter III describes the CTG informations acquisitions procedure in item inclusive of the devices and the package employed. Data ‘s direction and protocols used for informations acquisition are elaborated in this chapter. Detailed account is provided on the conventional FHR characteristic extraction and categorization method employed to accomplish the aims of this work.A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter IV presents a consequence and overall treatment of the research findings. First, description on consequences of the conventional method for pull outing FHR characteristics categorization system are given. Then a elaborate account on the consequences obtained from the pre-processing phase is presented. Methods employed for formalizing the proposed work are discussed, and the results are presented at all phases. A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A Chapter V provides a decision on the research describes the sum-up of parts and recommends interesting and necessary hereafter work in this field.

Strength To Forget Essays - Hosiery, Lingerie, Stocking, Virtue

Strength To Forget Essays - Hosiery, Lingerie, Stocking, Virtue Strength To Forget Courage means a lot of things. Sometimes courage is the will to fight and overcome; sometimes it is the foresight to run away. And maybe, when the past obscures the present like the shadow of a ghost, courage is the strength to forget. In his compilation of short fiction, The Things They Carried, Tim OBrien uses the Vietnam War, a shadow of his own past, to illustrate courage in many ways. Stockings is the story of Henry Dobbins, whose courage to fight comes from a good luck charm: his girlfriends pantyhose. Henry liked putting his nose into the nylon and breathing in the scent of his girlfriends body . . . More than anything, though, the stockings were a talisman for him. They kept him safe. (OBrien, 129). The stockings would be powerless around anyone elses neck. But they represent something for Henry Dobbins that brings him peace within himself when the world around him is at war. On a practical level, it is impossible for the stockings to provide any real protection for him. Nonetheless, Henry was invulnerable (Ibid), and this single word captures OBriens attitude towards courage as a motivation to fight. Vulnerability is not a fault in a flak jacket. Its a breach of self-confidence. And in a theater that puts men at war with themselves as much as it pits them against their enemy, courage comes from within. Is a man without courage a coward? Thats what OBrien calls himself in On the Rainy River, a story about a man with one foot out the door and the other stuck in quicksand. Before he went to war, he thought that courage came in finite quantities, like an inheritance(Ibid, 40), that it could be stashed away in times of cowardice, to be tapped like a reservoir if ever the evil were evil enough, [or] the good were good enough.(Ibid) When he got his draft notice in 1968, his reservoir went dry and he fled for the border. Sitting in an aluminum fishing boat on the Rainy River, halfway between Vietnam and Canada, he realized that he did not have the courage to run away. Every muscle in his body tried to pull him across the water to freedom, but behind him he heard the whole world cheering for him to stay. Like some weird sporting event . . . a million ferocious citizens waving flags of all shapes and colors(Ibid,60) managed to hold him back. In The Man I Killed, OBriens lack of courage also bars him from forgetting his most painful memory of the entire wara slim, dead, almost dainty young man of about twenty . . . with one leg bent beneath him, his jaw in his throat, his face neither expressive nor inexpressive . . . one eye shut . . . the other [a] star-shaped hole. The image he presents is gruesome, and it is easy to understand why he cannot brush it from his memory. In fact, OBrien creates an fictional life for the deceased man as a memorial and a sort of reparation for the fact that he killed the man himself. He is a coward for lacking the strength to forget, and at the same time strong for bearing the weight of his own actions. This is the greatest paradox in OBriens depiction of courage: although courage often means fighting and defying and ignoring, it takes a different kind of courage to stand up and accept reality for what it is. Memories were the heaviest things they carried, and courage is not strength to forget. Bibliography The Things they Carried by Tim O'Brien.